A spacing account of negative recency in final free recall
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چکیده
The prominent recency e↵ect observed in free recall is sharply attenuated when the experiment requires subjects to perform an attentionally demanding distractor task between study and recall. This well-known fact about human memory (e.g., Glanzer & Cunitz, 1966; Postman & Phillips, 1965) has been interpreted as showing that the retrieval cue or memory process that favors recall of recent experiences is easily disrupted, even by unrelated cognitive activity. By this view, one would expect that for a su ciently long retention interval, final list items would completely lose their recency advantage, being recalled at the same rates as mid-list items. However, when a list of items is initially recalled and then tested again after a very long delay, as in the final-free-recall procedure, memory for the final list items is actually worse than memory for earlier list items (Craik, 1970) 1 . This socalled negative-recency e↵ect has been interpreted as evi-
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A spacing account of negative recency in final free recall
The well-known recency effect in immediate free recall reverses when subjects attempt to recall items studied and tested on a series of prior lists, as in the final-free-recall procedure (Craik, 1970). In this case, the last few items on each list are actually remembered less well than are the mid-list items. Because dual-store theories of recall naturally predict negative recency, this phenome...
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The well-known recency effect in immediate free recall reverses when subjects attempt to recall items studied and tested on a series of prior lists. In this final free recall task, terminal list items are remembered less well than mid-list items (Craik, 1970). Because dual-store memory models naturally predict this negative-recency effect, it has long been cited as evidence favoring these model...
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